Sex hormones, in particular estrogens, are the principal hormones ensuring bone health
in both genders. The balance between estrogen and progesterone in normal ovulatory
cycles is crucial for the female skeleton [
[1]
]. Ovulatory disturbances are commonly triggered by emotional or physical stress in
the context of unhealthy lifestyle and dietary habits. A rarer cause of menstrual
irregularity in young women is premature ovarian insufficiency, which requires prompt
diagnosis and treatment. Both oligomenorrhoea, evident in 13.5% of the general female
population of reproductive age, as well as the less frequently encountered secondary
amenorrhoea are associated with bone loss and increased risk of fracture [
[2]
,
- Saei Ghare Naz M.
- Rostami Dovom M.
- Ramezani Tehrani F.
The menstrual disturbances in endocrine disorders: a narrative review.
Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab. 2020; 18e106694https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.106694
[3]
].Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 24, 2021
Accepted:
November 20,
2021
Received:
November 14,
2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
