Highlights
- •In this study, hysterectomy, with or without oophorectomy, was associated with an increased risk of hypertension.
- •Endometriosis was associated with an increased risk of hypertension.
- •A history of uterine fibroids was associated with an increased risk of hypertension.
- •Associations between hypertension and non-malignant gynecological diseases were independent of a history of hysterectomy.
Abstract
Objectives
While it has been reported that women with uterine fibroids or endometriosis are commonly
overweight and hypertensive, the association between non-malignant gynecological diseases
and the risk of hypertension has been little studied prospectively. The aim of this
study was to investigate in a large French cohort of women whether a history of hysterectomy,
uterine fibroids, or endometriosis was prospectively related to an increased risk
of incident hypertension.
Study design
We analyzed 50,286 women from the E3N cohort who were free of hypertension at baseline,
with a median follow-up of 16.4 years.
Main outcome measures
Gynecological diseases were based on self-report. Cox proportional hazards models
with age as the timescale were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence
intervals (CIs). Covariates included smoking status, body mass index (BMI), physical
activity, and hormonal factors.
Results
A total of 12,073 women (24%) developed hypertension during follow-up. Women with
a history of hysterectomy had an increased risk of incident hypertension, which persisted
after adjustment for potential confounding factors (adjusted HR=1.18, 95% CI 1.12–1.24).
Risk was similar in women with hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy. Risk of
hypertension was higher in women with a history of endometriosis (HRendometriosis 1.19, 95%CI 1.11–1.22) or uterine fibroids (HRfibroids 1.18, 95%CI 1.13–1.22), irrespective of hysterectomy. Associations were similar after
further adjustment for BMI.
Conclusions
Hysterectomy and non-malignant gynecological diseases were associated with an increased
risk of hypertension in this large prospective study. Women with these conditions
may benefit from blood pressure monitoring.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03285230
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 12, 2021
Accepted:
June 9,
2021
Received in revised form:
June 2,
2021
Received:
March 21,
2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
