Highlights
- •Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a higher gynoid/total fat ratio.
- •Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower android/gynoid fat ratio.
- •Intakes of nuts, fruits, pulses and dairy products were associated with a lower body mass index.
- •Intakes of wholegrains, fruits, dairy and olive oil were associated with a lower waist circumference.
- •Smokers showed a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
Abstract
Objective
To study the association of the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and tobacco
consumption with body composition during perimenopause.
Study design and methods
A cross-sectional study in 176 perimenopausal women from the FLAMENCO project. A food
frequency questionnaire and the Mediterranean Diet Score were assessed. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Main outcomes measures
Body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), ratio of gynecoid to total fat mass (G/T), ratio
of android to gynecoid fat mass (A/G), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and waist circumference
(WC).
Results
Intake of whole-grain cereals was associated with lower WC, FM percentage, android
FM, VAT and higher G/T (all p < 0.05). Intake of nuts was associated with lower BMI and FM percentage and intake
of fruits with lower BMI, WC, total and android FM, FM percentage, A/G, VAT and higher
G/T (all p < 0.05). Intake of pulses was associated with lower weight, BMI and android FM. Intake
of whole dairy products was associated with lower weight, BMI, WC, total and android
FM and VAT (all p < 0.05). Intake of olive oil was associated with lower WC and FM percentage (all
p < 0.05). Intake of sweetened beverages was associated with higher weight, BMI, WC,
FM percentage, android FM, VAT and total FM (all, p < 0.05). Smokers had a lower MD
adherence (p < 0.05). Finally, a greater MD adherence was associated with higher G/T (p < 0.01) and lower A/G (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
A higher MD adherence, avoiding tobacco, an increased consumption of whole-grain cereals,
nuts, fruits, pulses, whole dairy products and olive oil, and a lower consumption
of sweetened beverages might contribute to a healthier body composition during perimenopause.
Abbreviations:
A/G (ratio of android to gynecoid fat mass), BMI (body mass index), CVD (cardiovascular disease), DEXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), FM (fat mass), G/T (ratio of gynecoid to total fat mass), MD (Mediterranean Diet), VAT (visceral adipose tissue), WC (waist circumference)Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to MaturitasAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Menopause.Med. Clin. North Am. 2015; 99: 521-534
- Association of mid-life changes in body size, body composition and obesity status with the menopausal transition.Healthcare. 2016; 4: 42
- Age- and menopause-associated variations in body composition and fat distribution in healthy women as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Metabolism. 1995; 44: 369-373
- Abdominal and gynoid fat mass are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in men and women.J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2008; 93: 4360-4366
- Yogurt consumption and abdominal obesity reversion in the PREDIMED study.Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2016; 26: 468-475
- Adipose tissue heterogeneity: implication of depot differences in adipose tissue for obesity complications.Mol. Aspects Med. 2013; 34: 1-11
- Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases.World Health Organization, 2014 (280)
- Influence of a mediterranean dietary pattern on body fat distribution: results of the PREDIMED–canarias intervention randomized trial.J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 2016; 35: 568-580
- Dietary patterns: a Mediterranean diet score and its relation to clinical and biological markers of cardiovascular disease risk.Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2006; 16: 559-568
- Does the Mediterranean diet counteract the adverse effects of abdominal adiposity?.Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2015; 25: 569-574
- Measurements of skeletal muscle mass and power are positively related to a Mediterranean dietary pattern in women.Osteoporos. Int. 2016; 27: 3251-3260
- A Mediterranean diet pattern with low consumption of liquid sweets and refined cereals is negatively associated with adiposity in adults from rural Lebanon.Int. J. Obes. 2010; 35: 251-258
- Change in dietary patterns and change in waist circumference and DXA trunk fat among postmenopausal women.Obesity. 2016; 24: 2176-2184
- Weight loss and metabolic health effects from energy-restricted Mediterranean and Central-European diets in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.Sci. Rep. 2018; 8: 1-11
- Dietary patterns, Mediterranean diet and obesity in postmenopausal women.Maturitas. 2018; 110: 79-85
- Normal/high-fat milk consumption is associated with higher lean body and muscle mass in Japanese women aged between 40 and 60 years: a cross-sectional study.BMC Womens Health. 2018; 18: 1-5
- Whole grain compared with refined wheat decreases the percentage of body fat following a 12-Week, energy-restricted dietary intervention in postmenopausal women.J. Nutr. 2012; 142: 710-716
- Fruit and vegetable intake and body adiposity among populations in Eastern Canada: the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health Study.BMJ Open. 2018; 8: 1-9
- Mediterranean diet is associated with bone mineral density and muscle mass in postmenopausal women.Climacteric. 2019; 22: 162-168
- Cost-effectiveness of an exercise intervention program in perimenopausal women: the Fitness League Against MENopause COst (FLAMENCO) randomized controlled trial.BMC Public Health. 2015; 15: 555
- Valoración Del Estado Nutricional De La Comunidad Autónoma De Andalucía.2000
- Tablas De Composición De Alimentos. Guía De Prácticas. 19a Edición. Ediciones Pirámide (Grupo Anaya S), Editor.2018
- Reflections from a systematic review of dietary energy density and weight gain: is the inclusion of drinks valid?.Obes. Rev. 2009; 10: 681-692
- User’s guide to correlation coefficients.Turkish J. Emerg Med. 2018; 18: 91-93
- Relation between lifestyle and socio-demographic factors and body composition among the elderly.Glob. J. Health Sci. 2016; 8: 53715
- Determinants of adherence to the mediterranean diet: findings from a cross-sectional study in women from Southern Italy.Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019; 16
- Dietary energy density predicts women’s weight change over 6 y.Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008; 88: 677-684
- Dietary energy density and obesity: how consumption patterns differ by body weight status.Eur. J. Nutr. 2018; 57: 351-361
- Dietary energy density is associated with energy intake and weight status in US adults.Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006; 83: 1362-1368
- Dietary energy density is associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome in U.S. Adults.Diabetes Care. 2007; 30: 974-979
- Key multiplicity issues in clinical drug development.Stat. Med. 2013; 32: 1079-1111
- Multiple endpoints in clinical trials: guidance for Industry.FDA Guid. 2017;
- Dietary fiber intake and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in French adults.Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005; 82: 1185-1194
- Whole-grain intake and cereal fiber are associated with lower abdominal adiposity in older adults.J. Nutr. 2009; 139: 1950-1955
- Whole and refined grain intakes are related to inflammatory protein concentrations in human plasma.J. Nutr. 2010; 140: 587-594
- Whole grain and body weight changes in apparently healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2013; 98: 872-884
- Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes: epidemiologic evidence.Physiol. Behav. 2010; 100: 47-54
- Fermented dairy products consumption is associated with attenuated cortical bone loss independently of total calcium, protein, and energy intakes in healthy postmenopausal women.Osteoporos. Int. 2018; 29: 1771-1782
- Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men.N. Engl. J. Med. 2011; 364: 2392-2404
- Evidence for the effects of yogurt on gut health and obesity.Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2017; 57: 1569-1583
- Association of physical fitness, body composition, cardiometabolic markers and adherence to the Mediterranean diet with bone mineral density in perimenopausal women. The FLAMENCO project.J. Sports Sci. 2017; 35: 880-887
- Lifestyle determinants of healthy ageing in a Mediterranean population: the multinational MEDIS study.Exp. Gerontol. 2018; 110: 35-41
- Associations of body mass index and obesity with physical activity, food choices, alcohol intake, and smoking in the 1982-1997 FINRISK Studies.Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002; 75: 809-817
- Cigarette smoking, nicotine, and body weight.Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2011; 90: 164-168
- Effects of isolated tobacco alkaloids and tobacco products on deprivation-induced food intake and meal patterns in rats.Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2018; 165: 45-55
- Diet and socioeconomic position: does the use of different indicators matter?.Int. J. Epidemiol. 2001; 30: 334-340
- General explanations for social inequalities in health.IARC Sci. Publ. 1997; : 207-228
Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 25, 2020
Accepted:
April 2,
2020
Received in revised form:
March 16,
2020
Received:
July 26,
2019
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
