Highlights
- •Methamphetamine alters immune cells and signaling pathways.
- •Methamphetamine alters monocytes, macrophages, dendritic and natural killer cells, as well as T and B cells.
- •Methamphetamine alters astrocytes.
- •Methamphetamine alters cytokine and chemokine secretion.
Abstract
The recreational use of methamphetamine (METH, or ice) is a global burden. It pervades
and plagues contemporary society; it has been estimated that there are up to 35 million
users worldwide. METH is a highly addictive psychotropic compound which acts on the
central nervous system, and chronic use can induce psychotic behavior. METH has the
capacity to modulate immune cells, giving the drug long-term effects which may manifest
as neuropsychiatric disorders, and that increase susceptibility to communicable diseases,
such as HIV. In addition, changes to the cytokine balance have been associated with
compromise of the blood–brain barrier, resulting to alterations to brain plasticity,
creating lasting neurotoxicity. Immune-related signaling pathways are key to further
evaluating how METH impacts host immunity through these neurological and peripheral
modifications. Combining this knowledge with current data on inflammatory responses
will improve understanding of how the adaptive and innate immunity responds to METH,
how this can activate premature-ageing processes and how METH exacerbates disturbances
that lead to non-communicable age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease,
stroke, depression and dementia.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 05, 2018
Accepted:
December 4,
2018
Received in revised form:
November 29,
2018
Received:
November 9,
2018
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
