Highlights
- •Women with a high frequency of soy food intake had high urinary isoflavone levels.
- •Urinary isoflavone level did not affect urinary estrogen level in premenopausal women.
- •Postmenopausal women with a high urinary isoflavone level had high estrogen levels.
Abstract
Results of studies on the associations of soy food intake with urinary estrogen levels
in premenopausal women and in postmenopausal women have been inconsistent. We examined
the associations of urinary isoflavone levels as well as soy food intake with estrone
(E1) and estradiol (E2) in pre- and postmenopausal women. In addition, we compared
the levels of isoflavones, E1 and E2 across current hormone users such as those receiving
hormone replacement therapy and those using oral contraceptives and non-users among
both pre- and postmenopausal women. Urinary levels of isoflavones, E1 and E2 in 498
women (36 hormone users and 462 non-users) were analyzed. Premenopausal women with
a higher frequency of soy food intake had higher urinary isoflavone levels, but there
were no significant associations between E1 and E2 levels and urinary isoflavone levels.
Levels of E1 and E2 in hormone users were significantly lower than those in hormone
non-users among premenopausal women, but levels of E1 and E2 in hormone users were
significantly higher than those in hormone non-users among postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal
women with a higher frequency of soy food intake had higher urinary isoflavone levels,
and postmenopausal women with high urinary isoflavone levels had significantly higher
E1 and E2 levels. In conclusion, the associations of urinary isoflavone levels with
urinary estrogen levels differed with menopausal status. Urinary levels of E1 and
E2 were high in postmenopausal women with high urinary isoflavone levels but not in
premenopausal women with high urinary isoflavone levels.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 20, 2018
Accepted:
December 17,
2018
Received in revised form:
October 14,
2018
Received:
August 27,
2018
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
