Highlights
- •Immune-mediated disorders may be the result of dysbiosis.
- •Intestinal dysbiosis leads to immune dysfunction, which in turn results in disease.
- •Probiotics can improve gastrointestinal microbiota.
- •Probiotics modulate immune cells and thereby improve health.
Abstract
As a person ages, physiological, immunological and gut microbiome changes collectively
result in an array of chronic conditions. According to the ‘hygiene hypothesis’ the
increasing prevalence of immune-mediated disorders may be related to intestinal dysbiosis,
leading to immune dysfunction and associated conditions such as eczema, asthma, allergies
and autoimmune diseases. Beneficial probiotic bacteria can be utilized by increasing
their abundance within the gastrointestinal lumen, which in turn will modulate immune
cells, such as, T helper (Th)-1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) cells and B cells,
which have direct relevance to human health and the pathogenesis of immune disorders.
Here, we describe the cross-talk between probiotics and the gastrointestinal immune
system, and their effects in relation to inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis,
allergies and atopic dermatitis.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 12, 2018
Accepted:
November 8,
2018
Received in revised form:
November 6,
2018
Received:
August 26,
2018
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
