Highlights
- •This is the first meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between vitamin D and diabetes in older adults.
- •The meta-analysis included 28,258 older adults, followed for over 7.7 years.
- •Lower levels of vitamin D were associated with a 31% higher risk of future diabetes.
- •After adjusting for 11 confounders, the risk of diabetes was 16% higher among older adults with low levels of vitamin D.
Abstract
Low serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) (hypovitaminosis D) is common in older
adults and associated with several negative outcomes. The association between hypovitaminosis
D and diabetes in older adults is equivocal, however. We conducted a meta-analysis
investigating if hypovitaminosis D is associated with diabetes in prospective studies
among older participants. Two investigators systematically searched major electronic
databases, from inception until 10/07/2016. The cumulative incidence of diabetes among
groups was estimated according to baseline serum 25OHD levels. Random effect models
were used to assess the association between hypovitaminosis D and diabetes at follow-up.
From 4268 non-duplicate hits, 9 studies were included; these followed 28,258 participants
with a mean age of 67.7 years for a median of 7.7 years. Compared with higher levels
of 25OHD, lower levels of 25OHD were associated with a higher risk of developing diabetes
(6 studies; n = 13,563; RR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.11–1.54; I2 = 37%). The findings remained significant after adjusting for a median of 11 potential
confounders in all the studies available (9 studies; n = 28,258; RR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03–1.33; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%). In conclusion, our data suggest that hypovitaminosis D is associated with an
elevated risk of future diabetes in older people. Future longitudinal studies are
required and should seek to confirm these findings and explore potential pathophysiological
underpinnings.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 21, 2017
Accepted:
February 14,
2017
Received in revised form:
February 9,
2017
Received:
October 30,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
