Abstract
Objective
Hot flushes and night sweats (HFNS) are commonly experienced by men receiving treatment
for prostate cancer. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been found to be an effective
treatment for HFNS in women, but cognitions and behavioural reactions to HFNS in men
are under-researched. This study describes the development of the HFNS beliefs and
behaviour scale for men.
Methods
HFNS beliefs and behaviour items were generated from a qualitative study, from pilot
interviews with men with prostate cancer and HFNS, and from scales used for women.
118 men with prostate cancer, aged above 18, English-speaking, who had minimum of
seven HFNS weekly for at least 1 month, completed the initial measure, and measures
of HFNS frequency, problem rating, anxiety and depression (HADS). Principal components
analyses with orthogonal rotation determined the most coherent solution.
Results
Exploratory factor analysis culminated in a 17-item HFNS beliefs and behaviour scale
for men (HFBBS-Men) with three subscales: (1) HFNS social context and sleep, (2) Calm/Acceptance,
(3) Humour/Openness. The subscales had reasonable internal consistency (Cronbach alpha
0.56–0.83). Validity was supported, by correlations between subscale 1, HFNS frequency,
problem-rating and mood; men with locally advanced cancer more likely to adopt Calm/Acceptance
and those with metastatic cancer Humour/Openness.
Conclusions
Preliminary analysis of the HFBBS-Men suggests that it is a psychometrically sound
instrument, grounded in men's experiences. As a measure of cognitive and behavioural
reactions to HF/NS, the HFBBS-Men should increase understanding of the mediators of
outcomes of psychological interventions, such as CBT.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: October 09, 2014
Accepted:
September 29,
2014
Received in revised form:
September 16,
2014
Received:
June 10,
2014
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
