Highlights
- •Dysmorphology may be correlated with congenital cardiovascular defects.
- •The age for initiation and duration of GH treatment in TS are controversial.
- •Height, age, dysmorphology, estrogen use, and hearing loss may affect sexuality.
- •Proposals for the management of TS in adult life and insight into the medical complaints are provided.
- •Prenatal diagnosis allows prediction of ovarian failure and cryopreservation in selected patients.
Abstract
Objective
To describe in practical terms the clinical management in adult life of patients with
Turner syndrome.
Material & methods
Systematic review of the literature and practical issues. An evaluation of clinical
trials, meta-analysis, case reports and reviews assessing the management of different
conditions related to Turner syndrome was done using the following data sources: Medline,
PubMed (from 1966 to July 2014) and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register,
Embase (up to July 2014).
Results
Extracted information is summarized here on karyotype, screening of malformations,
malformations debuting in adult life, final height, treatments with growth hormone,
cardiovascular risk, endocrino-metabolic and liver abnormalities, sensorineural disorders
and osteoporosis and its treatment.
Conclusions
This review provides recommendations for the management of adult patients with Turner
syndrome and insight into the associated medical complaints. A link between karyotypes
and clinical features suggests a novel hypothesis to explain the different phenotypes
and clinical abnormalities of these patients.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 23, 2014
Accepted:
August 19,
2014
Received:
August 16,
2014
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
