Highlights
- •Physical activity in the past can be protective against osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
- •Former athletes are characterized by better endothelial function and metabolic profile.
- •Former female athletes are at lower risk for developing breast cancer.
- •Professional sport acts negatively on the pelvic floor and is a risk factor for urinary incontinence in future.
Abstract
Physical activity has been identified as a protective factor against a wide spectrum
of diseases, but little is known about the link between older women's health and their
professional involvement in sport in the past. The aim of this narrative review is
to characterize and summarize the available data concerning the influence of physical
activity on morbidity and mortality in former female athletes. Concerning bone health,
it seems that physical activity in the past can be protective against osteoporosis
in postmenopausal women, but these data come from observational studies only. Also
the cardiovascular system appears to benefit in older women from regular sport in
the past. This refers mainly to better heart efficiency, and improved endothelial
function and metabolic profile. The incidence of different types of neoplasms, especially
breast cancer, is also decreased in former athletes. Professional sport, on the other
hand, acts negatively on the pelvic floor and is a risk factor for urinary incontinence.
The overall effect on mortality is difficult to assess, because of many parameters,
such as the sport's intensity, variety of the sport and exposure to extreme danger
in some disciplines. Also, caution should be kept in interpretation of the data because
of the shortage of well-designed studies.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 14, 2014
Accepted:
August 6,
2014
Received:
August 4,
2014
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
