Abstract
At the 2012 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting, two studies
of preoperative systemic therapy for localized prostate cancer garnered significant
attention. In the first, investigators evaluated various permutations of conventional
hormonal therapies prior to prostatectomy, with detailed biomarker studies focused
on tissue androgens. In the second, investigators assessed the novel CYP17 lyase inhibitor
abiraterone prior to prostatectomy. Both studies provide a wealth of biological information,
but the question remains – will preoperative systemic therapy ultimately be incorporated
into clinical algorithms for prostate cancer? Herein, the existing literature for
both preoperative hormonal and chemotherapeutic approaches is reviewed. We performed
a MEDLINE search of published prospective and retrospective clinical studies assessing
preoperative systemic therapy for prostate cancer from 1982 onwards, revealing a total
of 75 publications meeting these criteria. Of these, 55 possessed a number of patients
(i.e., greater than 10) deemed worth of the current analysis. Beyond outlining these datasets,
we discuss the relevance of clinical and pathologic endpoints in assessing preoperative
therapy.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to MaturitasAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Cancer statistics, 2012.CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2012; 62: 10-29
- Screening for prostate cancer: U.S. preventive services task force recommendation statement.Annals of Internal Medicine. 2012; 157: 120-134https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-2-201207170-00459
- Reduced incidence of bony metastasis at initial prostate cancer diagnosis: data from CaPSURE(TM).Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations. 2006; 24: 396-402
N*CT01385059: A randomized, phase ii study assessing axitinib as pre-surgical therapy in patients with high risk prostate cancer. Available at: <http://www.clinicaltrials.gov>; 2012 [last accessed 25.8.12].
- Duration of androgen suppression in the treatment of prostate cancer.New England Journal of Medicine. 2009; 360: 2516-2527
- Improved survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and goserelin.New England Journal of Medicine. 1997; 337: 295-300
- Adjuvant androgen deprivation for high-risk prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: SWOG S9921 study.Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2011; 29: 2040-2045
- Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer.New England Journal of Medicine. 2011; 364: 1995-2005
- Primary, secondary, and quality-of-life endpoint results from the phase III AFFIRM study of MDV3100, an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor.ASCO Meeting Abstracts. 2012; 30: 4519
- 4-Year follow-up results of a European prospective randomized study on neoadjuvant hormonal therapy prior to radical prostatectomy in T2-3N0M0 prostate cancer. European Study Group on Neoadjuvant Treatment of Prostate Cancer.European Urology. 2000; 38: 706-713
- Neoadjuvant androgen ablation before radical prostatectomy in cT2bNxMo prostate cancer: 5-year results.Journal of Urology. 2002; 167: 112-116
- Neoadjuvant hormone treatment with leuprolide acetate depot 3.75 mg and cyproterone acetate, before radical prostatectomy: a randomized study.Urologia Internationalis. 2004; 72: 189-195
- The indications, rationale, and results of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation in the treatment of prostatic cancer: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center results.Urology. 1997; 49: 46-55
- Neoadjuvant androgen pathway suppression prior to prostatectomy.ASCO Meeting Abstracts. 2012; 30: 4520
- Persistent intraprostatic androgen concentrations after medical castration in healthy men.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006; 91: 3850-3856
- Intraprostatic androgens and androgen-regulated gene expression persist after testosterone suppression: therapeutic implications for castration-resistant prostate cancer.Cancer Research. 2007; 67: 5033-5041
- Effect of neoadjuvant abiraterone acetate (AA) plus leuprolide acetate (LHRHa) on PSA, pathological complete response (pCR), and near pCR in localized high-risk prostate cancer (LHRPC): Results of a randomized phase II study.ASCO Meeting Abstracts. 2012; 30: 4521
- Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer.New England Journal of Medicine. 2004; 351: 1502-1512
- Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer.New England Journal of Medicine. 2004; 351: 1513-1520
- Chemotherapy with mitoxantrone plus prednisone or prednisone alone for symptomatic hormone-resistant prostate cancer: a Canadian randomized trial with palliative end points.Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1996; 14: 1756-1764
- Long-term follow-up of a neoadjuvant chemohormonal taxane-based phase II trial before radical prostatectomy in patients with non-metastatic high-risk prostate cancer.BJU International. 2007; 100: 274-280
- Short-term clinicopathological outcome of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy comprising complete androgen blockade, followed by treatment with docetaxel and estramustine phosphate before radical prostatectomy in Japanese patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer.World Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2012; 10
- Phase 1/2 study of preoperative docetaxel and mitoxantrone for high-risk prostate cancer.Cancer. 2010; 116: 1699-1708
- Neoadjuvant docetaxel and capecitabine in patients with high risk prostate cancer.Journal of Urology. 2008; 179 (discussion 5–6): 911-915
- Neoadjuvant docetaxel before radical prostatectomy in patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer.Clinical Cancer Research. 2005; 11: 5233-5240
- Phase II trial of neoadjuvant docetaxel before radical prostatectomy for locally advanced prostate cancer.Urology. 2004; 63: 1138-1142
- Overall survival benefit and safety profile of radium-223 chloride, a first-in-class alpha-pharmaceutical: results from a phase III randomized trial (ALSYMPCA) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with bone metastases.ASCO Meeting Abstracts. 2012; 30: 8
- Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer.New England Journal of Medicine. 2011; 364: 1995-2005https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1014618
- Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: a randomised open-label trial.The Lancet. 2010; 376: 1147-1154
- Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy.New England Journal of Medicine. 2012; 367: 1187-1197
- Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer.New England Journal of Medicine. 2010; 363: 411-422
- Eligibility and response guidelines for phase ii clinical trials in androgen-independent prostate cancer: recommendations from the Prostate-Specific Antigen Woking Group.Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1999; 17: 3461-3467
- New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2000; 92: 205-216
- Design and end points of clinical trials for patients with progressive prostate cancer and castrate levels of testosterone: recommendations of the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group.Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2008; 26: 1148-1159
- Detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with high-risk, localized prostate cancer using the cellsearch platform.ASCO Meeting Abstracts. 2012; 30: e15178
- Circulating tumor cells predict survival benefit from treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.Clinical Cancer Research. 2008; 14: 6302-6309
- A phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of OGX-011, a 2′-methoxyethyl antisense oligonucleotide to clusterin, in patients with localized prostate cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2005; 97: 1287-1296
- Randomized phase II trial of Custirsen (OGX-011) in combination with docetaxel or mitoxantrone as second-line therapy in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer progressing after first-line docetaxel: CUOG trial P-06c.Clinical Cancer Research. 2011; 17: 5765-5773
- Randomized phase II study of docetaxel and prednisone with or without OGX-011 in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2010; 28: 4247-4254
- Combined immunotherapy with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transduced allogeneic prostate cancer cells and ipilimumab in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial.Lancet Oncology. 2012; 13: 509-517
- Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial comparing docetaxel and prednisone with or without bevacizumab in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: CALGB 90401.Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2012; 30: 1534-1540
- Interim analysis (IA) results of COU-AA-302, a randomized, phase III study of abiraterone acetate (AA) in chemotherapy-naive patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).ASCO Meeting Abstracts. 2012; 30: LBA4518
N*CT00268476: STAMPEDE: systemic therapy in advanced or metastatic prostate cancer: evaluation of drug efficacy - androgen suppression-based therapy alone or combined with zoledronic acid, docetaxel, prednisolone, celecoxib and/or abiraterone in treating patients with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer, <http://www.clinicaltrials.gov>; 2012 [last accessed 25.08.12].
N*CT01309672: abiraterone acetate treatment for prostate cancer patients with a psa of more than four following initial androgen deprivation therapy phase ii, <http://www.clinicaltrials.gov>; 2012 [last accessed 25.08.12].
- Preliminary results of a prospective randomized study comparing radical prostatectomy versus radical prostatectomy associated with neoadjuvant hormonal combination therapy in T2-3 N0 M0 prostatic carcinoma. The European Study Group on neoadjuvant treatment of prostate cancer.Urology. 1997; 49: 65-69
- Neoadjuvant hormone therapy before radical prostatectomy: update on the memorial sloan-kettering cancer center trials.Molecular Urology. 1999; 3: 253-260
- Long-term follow-up of stages T2–T3 prostate cancer pretreated with androgen ablation therapy prior to radical prostatectomy.Anticancer Research. 1997; 17: 1507-1510
- Long-term followup of a randomized trial of 0 versus 3 months of neoadjuvant androgen ablation before radical prostatectomy.Journal of Urology. 2003; 170: 791-794
- Long-term neoadjuvant hormone therapy prior to radical prostatectomy: evaluation of risk for biochemical recurrence at 5-year follow-up.Urology. 2000; 56: 289-294
- Pathological staging and biochemical recurrence after neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy in combination with radical prostatectomy in clinically localized prostate cancer: results of a phase II study.British Journal of Urology. 1997; 79: 432-438
- Randomized study of neoadjuvant testicular androgen ablation therapy before radical prostatectomy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer.Journal of Urology. 1996; 155: 1357-1360
- Effects of 3 months’ neoadjuvant hormonal treatment with a GnRH analogue (triptorelin) prior to radical retropubic prostatectomy on prostate-specific antigen and tumour volume in prostate cancer.European Urology. 1994; 26: 22-28
- Ten-year follow-up of neoadjuvant therapy with goserelin acetate and flutamide before radical prostatectomy for clinical T3 and T4 prostate cancer: update on Southwest Oncology Group Study 9109.Urology. 2012; 79: 633-637
- Multicenter phase II study of combined neoadjuvant docetaxel and hormone therapy before radical prostatectomy for patients with high risk localized prostate cancer.Journal of Urology. 2008; 180 (discussion 70): 565-570
- Single-agent chemotherapy with docetaxel significantly reduces PSA levels in patients with high-grade localized prostate cancers.Urology International. 2004; 73: 110-112
- Neoadjuvant docetaxel and estramustine chemotherapy in high-risk/locallyadvanced prostate cancer.Urology. 2003; 61: 774-780
N*CT01088529: a randomized, open-label, neoadjuvant prostate cancer trial of abiraterone acetate plus LHRHa versus LHRHa alone, Available at: <http://www.clinicaltrials.gov>; 2012 [last accessed 25.08.12].
N*CT00321646: a phase ii study of neoadjuvant bevacizumab plus docetaxel in high risk patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy, Available at: <http://www.clinicaltrials.gov>; 2012 [last accessed 25.08.12].
N*CT00715104: an open label, phase 2 trial of immunotherapy with sipuleucel-t (provenge®) as neoadjuvant treatment in men with localized prostate cancer, Available at: <http://www.clinicaltrials.gov>; 2012 [last accessed 25.08.12].
N*CT00809458: a phase III biomarker study of neoadjuvant vitamin e in patients with locally treatable prostate cancer prior to prostatectomy or brachytherapy, Available at: <http://www.clinicaltrials.gov>; 2012 [last accessed 25.08.12].
N*CT00828308: BrUOG-PROS-221 neoadjuvant weekly ixabepilone for high risk, clinically localized prostate cancer: a phase II study, Available at: <http://www.clinicaltrials.gov>; 2012 [last accessed 25.08.12].
NCT01547299: A randomized, open-label, phase 2 study of mdv3100 as a neoadjuvant therapy for patients undergoing prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer, Available at: <http://www.clinicaltrials.gov>; 2012 [last accessed 25.08.12].
NCT01194271: A neoadjuvant phase iia study of ipilimumab {formerly known as MDX-010 (BMS-734016)} plus hormone ablation in men with prostate cancer followed by radical prostatectomy, Available at: <http://www.clinicaltrials.gov>; 2012 [last accessed 25.08.12].
Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 06, 2012
Accepted:
October 21,
2012
Received in revised form:
October 19,
2012
Received:
October 13,
2012
Identification
Copyright
© 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
