Maturitas
Volume 61, Issue 1 , Pages 85-94 , September 2008

HRT and Vit D in prevention of non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women; a 5 year randomized trial

  • Marja H. Komulainen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +358 17 173311; fax: +358 17 172749.
    • ,
  • Heikki Kroger

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
    • ,
  • Marjo T. Tuppurainen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
    • ,
  • Anna-Mari Heikkinen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
    • ,
  • Esko Alhava

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
    • ,
  • Risto Honkanen

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
    • Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
    • ,
  • Seppo Saarikoski

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

References 

  1. Cauley JA, Seeley DG, Ensrud KE, Ettinger B, Black D, Cummings S. Estrogen replacement therapy and fractures in older women. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:9–16
  2. Tuppurainen M, Kroger H, Honkanen R, et al. Risks for perimenopausal fractures—a population-based study over 2.4 years follow-up. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1995;74:624–628
  3. Consensus Development Conference. Diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of osteoporosis. Am J Med 1993; 94:646-50.
  4. Kanis JA, Johnell O, Gullberg B, et al. Evidence for efficacy of drugs affecting bone metabolism in preventing hip fracture.. BMJ. 1992;305:1124–1128
  5. Naessen T, Persson I, Adami HO, Bergstrdm R, Bergkvist . Hormone replacement therapy and the risk for first hip fracture. A prospective, population-based cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:95–103
  6. Kiel DP, Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Wilson PWF, Moskowitz MA. Hip fracture and the use of estrogens in postmenopausal women. New Engl J Med. 1987;317:1169–1174
  7. Ooms ME, Roos JC, Bezemer PD, et al. Prevention of bone loss by vitamin D supplementation in elderly women: a randomized double-blind trial. J Clin En-docrinol Metab. 1995;80:1052–1058
  8. Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F, et al. Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. New Engl J Med. 1992;327:1637–1642
  9. Lips P, Graafmans WC, Ooms ME, Bezemer PD, Bouter LM. Vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence in elderly persons. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:400–406
  10. Tuppurainen M, Heikkinen AM, Penttinen I, Saarikoski S. Does vitamin D3 have negative effects on serum levels of lipids? a follow-up study with a sequential combination of estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate and/or vitamin D3. Maturitas. 1995;22:55–61
  11. Kroger H, Heikkinen J, Laitinen K, Kotaniemi A. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in normal women: a cross-sectional study of 717 Finnish volunteers. Osteoporos Int. 1992;2:135–140
  12. Lindstedt K. Validity of a short questionnaire on calcium intake. M.Sc. thesis. Deptartment of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, 1993.(In Finnish).
  13. Komulainen M, Tuppurainen MT, Kroger H, et al. Vitamin D and HRT-no benefit additional to that of HRT alone in prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women; a 2.5-year randomized placebo-controlled study. Osteoporos Int. 1997;7:126–132
  14. Lufkin EG, Wahner HW, O’Fallon WM, et al. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with transdermal estrogen. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:1–9
  15. Heikkinen AM, Parviainen MT, Tuppurainen MT, et al. Effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy with and without vitamin D3 on circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin. D. Cal-cif Tissue Int. 1998;62:26–30
  16. Cummings SR, Black DM, Nevitt MC, et al. Bone density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures. Lancet. 1993;341:72–75
  17. Kroger H, Huopio J, Honkanen R, et al. Prediction of fracture risk using axial bone mineral density in a peri-menopausal population: a prospective study. J Bone Miner Res. 1995;10:302–306
  18. Sanders KM, Pasco JA, Ugoni AM. Low trauma fractures underestimate the incidence of osteoporosis (abstract). J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12(Suppl 1):S173

☆ Reprint of an article originally published in Maturitas, 31(1), pp. 45–54.

PII: S0378-5122(08)00229-6

doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.09.012

Maturitas
Volume 61, Issue 1 , Pages 85-94 , September 2008

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