Endometrial polyps in pre- and postmenopausal women: Factors associated with malignancy

Abstract 

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of premalignant and malignant polyps and their association with menopausal status, hormone therapy and clinical characteristics in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Methods

A surgical database was used to select pre- and postmenopausal women ≥40 years of age, submitted to hysteroscopic resection of endometrial polyps. The medical records of 475 women were reviewed and clinical characteristics and histological diagnosis of resected polyps were assessed.

Results

The majority of women had benign endometrial lesions, 78.53% of which were endometrial polyps and 13.47% polyps with simple or complex endometrial hyperplasia without atypia. Polyps with endometrial hyperplasia with atypia comprised 1.05% of cases, while 2.74% were carcinomatous polyps. Analysis using prevalence ratios showed that premalignant and malignant lesions were associated with age and postmenopausal bleeding. Women >60 years of age had a prevalence ratio 3.28 times greater (95%CI: 1.19–9.07) of premalignant or malignant polyps. When only postmenopausal women were evaluated for the effect of age, those over 60 years of age had a prevalence 5.31 times greater (95%CI: 1.22–23.09), while those with postmenopausal bleeding had an age-adjusted prevalence ratio of 3.71 (95%CI: 1.21–11.34) compared to asymptomatic women. No significant association was found between arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, use of hormone therapy or tamoxifen and premalignancy or malignancy.

Conclusions

There was a low prevalence of premalignant and malignant lesions in endometrial polyps. Older women and those with postmenopausal bleeding had a greater prevalence of malignancy and in these cases hysteroscopic resection of endometrial polyps is mandatory.

Keywords: Menopause, Anormal bleeding, Risk factors