Maturitas
Volume 57, Issue 1 , Pages 31-34 , 20 May 2007

HRT and the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

References 

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  2. Stevenson JC. Menopausal hormone therapy. In:  Wenger NK,  Collins P editor. Women and heart disease. London: Taylor and Francis; 2005;p. 375–390
  3. Spencer CP, Godsland IF, Stevenson JC. Is there a menopausal metabolic syndrome?. Gynaecol Endocrinol. 1997;11:341–355
  4. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ. A prospective, observational study of postmenopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:933–941
  5. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ. Postmenopausal hormone use and secondary prevention of coronary events in the Nurses’ Health Study. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:1–138
  6. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Lobo RA, et al. Estrogen in the prevention of atherosclerosis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:939–953
  7. Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson KC, et al. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:523–534
  8. Stevenson JC. The metabolic basis for the effects of HRT on coronary heart disease. Endocrine. 2004;24:239–244
  9. Godsland IF. Effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein (a) concentrations: analysis of studies published from 1974–2000. Fertil Steril. 2001;75:898–915
  10. Stevenson JC. Lipid metabolism. In:  Genazzani AR editors. Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease. Carnforth: Parthenon Publishing; 2001;p. 27–35
  11. Crook D, Cust MP, Gangar KF, et al. Comparison of transdermal and oral estrogen/progestin hormone replacement therapy: effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;166:950–955
  12. Spencer CP, Godsland IF, Cooper AJ, Ross D, Whitehead MI, Stevenson JC. Effects of oral and transdermal 17β-estradiol with cyclical oral norethindrone actetate on insulin sensitivity, secretion, and elimination in postmenopausal women. Metabolism. 2000;49:742–747
  13. Crook D, Godsland IF, Hull J, Stevenson JC. Hormone replacement therapy with dydrogesterone and oestradiol-17β: effects on serum lipoproteins and glucose tolerance. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1997;104:298–304
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  16. Stevenson JC. Cardiovascular effects of estrogens. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2000;74:387–393
  17. Wingrove CS, Garr E, Godsland IF, Stevenson JC. 17β-Oestradiol enhances release of matrix metalloproteinase-2 from human vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998;1406:169–174
  18. Prentice RL, Langer R, Stefanick ML, et al. Combined postmenopausal hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease: toward resolving the discrepancy between observational studies and the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162:404–414
  19. Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee . Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy. J Am Med Assoc. 2004;291:1701–1712
  20. Hsia J, Langer RD, Manson JE, et al. Conjugated equine estrogens and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:357–365
  21. Alexandersen P, Tankó LB, Bagger YZ, Qin G, Christiansen C. The long term impact of 2–3 years of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular mortality and atherosclerosis in healthy women. Climacteric. 2006;9:108–118
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  23. Collins P, Flather M, Lees B, Mister R, Proudler AJ, Stevenson JC. Randomized trial of effects of continuous combined HRT on markers of lipids and coagulation in women with acute coronary syndromes: WHISP Pilot Study. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2046–2053

PII: S0378-5122(07)00068-0

doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2007.02.007

Maturitas
Volume 57, Issue 1 , Pages 31-34 , 20 May 2007

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