Maturitas
Volume 55, Issue 2 , Pages 103-115 , 20 September 2006

Prior hormone therapy and breast cancer risk in the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin

  • Garnet L. Anderson

      Affiliations

    • WHI Clinical Coordinating Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, M3-A410, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, United States
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 206 667 4699; fax: +1 206 667 4142.
    • ,
  • Rowan T. Chlebowski

      Affiliations

    • Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (LABioMed), Torrance, CA, United States
    • ,
  • Jacques E. Rossouw

      Affiliations

    • NHLBI-WHI, Rockville, MD, United States
    • ,
  • Rebecca J. Rodabough

      Affiliations

    • WHI Clinical Coordinating Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, M3-A410, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, United States
    • ,
  • Anne McTiernan

      Affiliations

    • WHI Clinical Coordinating Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, M3-A410, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, United States
    • ,
  • Karen L. Margolis

      Affiliations

    • Berman Center for Clinical Research, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
    • ,
  • Anita Aggerwal

      Affiliations

    • Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States
    • ,
  • J. David Curb

      Affiliations

    • Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
    • ,
  • Susan L. Hendrix

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
    • ,
  • F. Allan Hubbell

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
    • ,
  • Jamardan Khandekar

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
    • ,
  • Dorothy S. Lane

      Affiliations

    • State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY, United States
    • ,
  • Norman Lasser

      Affiliations

    • University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
    • ,
  • Ana Maria Lopez

      Affiliations

    • University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
    • ,
  • JoNell Potter

      Affiliations

    • University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
    • ,
  • Cheryl Ritenbaugh

      Affiliations

    • University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States

Received 23 November 2005 ,Revised 28 April 2006 ,Accepted 5 May 2006.

References 

  1. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288:321–333
  2. Chlebowski RT, Hendrix SL, Langer RD, et al. Women's Health Initiative Investigators Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA. 2003;289(22):3243–3253
  3. Colditz GA, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, et al. The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(24):1589–1593
  4. Li CI, Malone KE, Porter PL, et al. Relationship between long durations and different regimens of hormone therapy and risk of breast cancer. JAMA. 2003;289(22):3254–3263
  5. Olsson HL, Ingvar C, Bladstrom A. Hormone replacement therapy containing progestins and given continuously increases breast carcinoma risk in Sweden. Cancer. 2003;97(6):1387–1392
  6. Million Women Study Collaborators. Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet. 2003;362:419–427
  7. Ross RK, Paganini-Hill A, Wan PC, Pike MC. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk: estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92:328–332
  8. Schairer C, Lubin J, Troisi R, Sturgeon S, Brinton L, Hoover R. Menopausal estrogen and estrogen–progestin replacement therapy and breast cancer risk. JAMA. 2000;283:785–791
  9. FDA News Release. FDA Approves New Labels for Estrogen and Estrogen with Progestin Therapies for Postmenopausal Women Following Review of Women's Health Initiative Data. January 8, 2003. Available at http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/infopage/estrogens_progestins. Last accessed on June 15, 2006.
  10. Hersh AL, Stefanick ML, Stafford RS. National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy: annual trends and response to recent evidence. JAMA. 2004;291(1):47–53
  11. The Women's Health Initiative Study Group. Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. Control Clin Trials. 1998;19:61–109
  12. Anderson GL, Manson J, Wallace R, et al. Implementation of the Women's Health Initiative study design. Ann Epidemiol. 2003;13(9S):S5–S17
  13. Hays J, Hunt JR, Hubbel A, et al. The Women's Health Initiative recruitment methods and results. Ann Epidemiol. 2003;13(9S):S18–S77
  14. Curb D, McTiernan A, Heckbert SR, et al. Outcomes ascertainment and adjudication methods in the Women's Health Initiative. Ann Epidemiol. 2003;13(9S):S122–S128
  15. Gail MH, Brinton LA, Byar DP, et al. Projecting individualized probabilities of developing breast cancer for white females who are being examined annually. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989;81:1879–1886
  16. Guthrie JR, Dennerstein L, Hopper JL, Burger HG. Hot flushes, menstrual status, and hormone levels in a population-based sample of midlife women. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;88:437–442
  17. Overlie I, Moen MH, Holte A, Finset A. Androgens and estrogen in relation to hot flashes during the menopausal transition. Maturitas. 2002;41(1):69–77
  18. Cauley JA, Lucas FL, Kuller LH, Stone K, Browner W, Cummings SR. Elevated serum estradiol and testosterone concentrations are associated with a high risk for breast cancer. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:270–277
  19. Prasad R, Boland GP, Cramer A, et al. Short-term biologic response to withdrawal of hormone replacement therapy in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2003;98(12):2539–2546
  20. Howell A, Dodwell DJ, Anderson H, Redford J. Response after withdrawal of tamoxifen and progestogens in advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 1992;3(8):587–588
  21. Colditz GA. Estrogen, estrogen plus progestin therapy and risk of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:909s–917s

PII: S0378-5122(06)00192-7

doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.05.004

Maturitas
Volume 55, Issue 2 , Pages 103-115 , 20 September 2006

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